www.thehistoryexplorer.com For thousands of years, Jerusalem has survived the onslaught of conquerors and colonizers. The first city wall was built in 1800 BC, and by the time of Jesus, Jerusalem was a magnificent citadel with fine monuments and public buildings. When Jesus visited Jerusalem as a boy, many of the city’s landmarks were the legacy of King Herod I, who ruled Judea as a client king of Rome from 37 BC. The kingdom was rich from the production and trade of olive oil, dates and wine, and Herod undertook an ambitious building program to transform his domain. Among Herod’s projects were a beautiful palace, a Hellenistic amphitheater and the rebuilding of the city’s most important temple — one that would play a critical role in the life of Jesus.

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